This article reports on the knowledge for teaching mathematics of 294 pre-service primary teachers from seven Australian universities participating in a project aimed at establishing a culture of evidence-based improvement of teacher education. The authors discuss the relative difficulties of items on each of the three subscales. Furthermore, the authors examine the differences between the participants’ performances on each subscale and the overall scale according to level of education, previous mathematics study, course type, mode of study, and confidence to teach mathematics at the grade levels for which they were being prepared.