This article examines a few of the emergent cases that have used technology in educational assessment from the perspective of innovation and support for teaching and learning. The assessment cases were drawn from contexts that include large-scale testing programs as well as classroom-based programs. Assessment programs should be designed to produce results that allow educators and policy makers to address a variety of questions about how a nation, state, district, school, program, group, or individual is performing. The article concludes that extensive technology-based systems that link curriculum, instruction, and assessment at the classroom level might enable a shift from today’s assessment systems to a balanced design.