In the current study, the authors examine student teachers’ learning approaches in the context of case-based assessment. Hereto, they investigated the direct effects of the student teachers’ general beliefs on the cognitive demands of assessment on their learning approaches. Also the student teachers’ perceptions of the cognitive demands of the case-based assessment instrument were considered as a mediating variable. The results indicate that the student teachers’ perception of the deep-level demands of the OverAll Test mediates the effect of their beliefs on the adoption of deep approaches to learning.